Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor)

Nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms tumor, is the most common pediatric renal malignancy. It is primarily caused by mutations in the tumor suppressor gene WT1 and WT2.

Patients typically present with a large, unilateral flank mass that is characteristically not crossing the midline. While some patients may be asymptomatic, others can experience abdominal pain, hematuria, or hypertension.

Initial evaluation includes ultrasound of the kidneys, but definitive diagnosis requires cross-sectional imaging (CT or MRI of the abdomen and pelvis) to properly stage the tumor and guide treatment planning.