Sjögren syndrome

Sjögren syndrome is typically caused by autoantibodies to the lacrimal and salivary glands. This causes dry eyes (xerophthalmia) and dry mouth (xerostomia). As a result, enlarged parotid and lacrimal glands due to chronic inflammation are present in patients. As a result of the dry mouth, cracked lips, foul breath, and increased dental caries are often seen. As a result of dry eyes, red eyes can be present. Sjögren syndrome can also present with other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and SLE. Sjögren syndrome is first diagnosed with serology to detect for the presence of ANA and anti-RO/SSA with or without anti-La/SSB antibodies. It can then be confirmed by doing a salivary gland biopsy.