Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Sensitive Tests

• ANA antibody

Specific tests

• Anti-dsDNA
• Anti-SmithAntibodies
• Anti-Ro/SSA Antibodies
• Anti-La/SSB Antibodies

Presentation

• Photosensitivity
  • Malar rash - Butterfly rash on face
  • Discoid rash - A circular, raised, and scaly skin lesion that typically appears on the face, scalp, or other sun-exposed areas
• pleuritis - presence of a friction rub
• oral ulcers
• arthritis
• serositis (eg, pleuritis or pericarditis)
• neurological symptoms, including seizure or psychosis
• hematologic impairment (eg, anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia)

Treatment

• Mild symptoms (Joints/Pleuritis )
  • NSAID
• Acute exacerbation
  • Corticosteroids - Risk of Cushing syndrome
• Progressive or refractory
  • Corticosteroids - Risk of Cushing syndrome
  • Azathioprine - Immunosuppressant
  • Hydroxychloroquine (Antimalarial) - Isolated skin/joint
  • Cyclophosphamide (Immunosuppressant) - Severe cases

Drug-induced lupus

• Anti-histone antibody