FeatureTransient Tachypnea of the Newborn (TTN)Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)CauseDelayed absorption of fetal lung fluidSurfactant deficiency leading to alveolar collapseTimingTerm or near-term infantsPreterm infants, especially < 28-30 weeksOnsetWithin 2 hours of birthWithin minutes to a few hours of birthResolutionSelf-limited, resolves in 24-72 hoursProgressive without treatmentRisk FactorsCesarean delivery, no labor,

Due to chronic inflammation, this causes permanent dilation of bronchi due to recurrent infections or impaired mucociliary clearance. This trapped mucus further causes the chronic infection cycle and airway damage Etiologies * Cystic fibrosis (most common in U.S.) * Recurrent bacterial or viral infections (e.g. post-TB, pertussis) * Immunodeficiencies (e.g.

Obstructive Normal Emphysema Chronic Bronchitis Asthma FEV1 80%+ ↓ ↓ ↓ FEV1/FVC 70%+ ↓ ↓ ↓ FVC 80%+ -/↓ -/↓ -/↓ DLCO -/↓ - -/↑ Restrictive Normal Intrinsic (Fibrosis) Extrinsic FEV1 80%+ ↓ ↓ FEV1/FVC 70%+ -/↑ -/↑ FVC 80%+ ↓ ↓ DLCO ↓ -

Risk factors for developing PE from DVT: * Age * Aging is associated with a more "thrombophilic state" * Pt are less likely to move as much Calf tenderness and a positive Homans sign * Homans sign = pain or discomfort in the calf or behind the knee when the foot is dorsiflexed

Chest tube placement is indicated when there's an abnormal accumulation of fluid or air in the pleural space that necessitates drainage and is not resolving with conservative management or is causing significant respiratory or hemodynamic compromise. The specific indications vary depending on the nature of the pleural abnormality.

Type Location Associations Adenocarcinoma Peripheral Most common Large Cell Carcinoma Peripheral Smoking Giant Cells Small Cell Carcinoma Central Smoking Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome SIADH Cushing Syndrome Squamous Cell Carcinoma Central Smoking PTHrP -> Hypercalcemia Keratin pearls